Construction of chimneys, towers, and other hollow structures.



A. ENGLAND. CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS, TOWERS, ANDOTHER HOLLOWSTRUCTURES. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10. 1913.

R l 1 88,9 1 9. Patented June 27, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

{X73720 aZEzz Zanci fii fim/ao mw A. ENGLAND. CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS,TOWERS, AND OTHER HOLLOW STRUCTURES.

Patented June 27, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 APPLICATION HLED FEB. 10, I913.

.H. V \J A/// NFL ARNOLD ENGLAND, OF ST. ANNES-ON-SEA, ENGLAND.

CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS, TOWERS, AND OTHER HOLLOW STRUCTURES.

Application filed February 10, 1913.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AnNoLo ENGLAND, a British subject, residing at St.Annes-on- Sea, county of Lancaster, England, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in the Construction of Chimneys, Towers, andother Hollow Structures, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a method of building hollow structures such ashigh chimneys and towers.

The invention consists essentially in building the chimney (orotherhollow structure) with six, eight or other number of sides, from anumber of rows or courses of slabs, with loose flat junction piecesbetween the ends of the blocks to allow of blocks of uniform size beingemployed to build a tapering chimney or similar structure.

It will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of an octagonal chimney partly in section.Fig. 2 is an enlarged section on line mm Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlargedsection on line 1 g Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an enlarged section on line e-eFig. 1. Fig. 5 is an enlarged vertical section through one of the troughshaped members in the lower part of the chimney. Fig. 6 is an enlargedsection through another of the trough shaped members in the upper partof the chimney Without concrete between the slabs. Fig. 7 is a sectionof a circular chimney. Fig. 8 is a section showing solid blocks in lieuof hollow blocks.

The chimney (or other structure) is composed of courses of slabs orblocks, A, A

the blocks or slabs being preferably constructed with strengthening ribson one side and a fiat or finished face on the other.

In constructing a chimney or other hollow structure, the slabs or blocksA A are set back to back in courses some distance apart and keyedtogether by the key blocks a. The slabs of each course are broughtcloser together than those of the next lower course, to give a gradualtaper to the chimney, the slabs slightly overlapping at theirSpecification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 27, 1916.

Serial No. 747,442.

inner edges. The spaces at the corners or between the ends of adjacentslabs are filled with vertical columns of concrete B, and the spacesbetween the slabs in the lower courses, say for the first ten coursesmore or less, are filled in solid with concrete, as shown in Fig. 2.

Between the ends of the blocks A at the corners or angles of anoctagonal chimney or structure, and at even distances around a circularchimney or structure, fiat loose junction pieces B of triangular,rectangular or lenticular in cross section are inserted toward theexterior, as shown, and if desired, toward the interior also, to retainthe vertical filling B of concrete in position and give a finish to theoutside of the chimney or other structure. The ends of the slabs orblocks A overlap the loose junction pieces B more or less, according tothe taper of the chimney or other structure, the said loose junctionpieces forming on the exterior and interior elevation long narrowvertical sunk panels triangular in section, thereby enabling a chimneyor structure to be erected of considerable height with blocks or slabsof one even length.

In the filling of concrete or cement B at the ends of the blocks A andat the angles of the structure, upright reinforcing ties, rods or bars7) of metal are inserted. At intervals in the height of the chimney (orother structure) a course of a number of trough shaped members C isinserted. These trough shaped members C are inserted at intervals ofevery ten courses (more or less) for part of or throughout the fullheight of the chimney (or other structure).

The trough shaped members C are open at the ends, which latter are cutoff square, or are shaped to correspond with the preceding course ofslabs A, and when in position the trough shaped members O are filledwith concrete. Transverse ties, rods or bars 0 are passed from theupright corner reinforcing tie rods Z), horizontally through the membersC and are embedded in the concrete therein. The open ends of the saidmembers permit of the concrete at the corners forming a solid columnfrom bottom to top of the chimney (or other structure), with thereinforcing members 6 also extend ing from top to bottom.

After the first ten or twenty courses, according to the size and weightof the structure, the slabs A may be only keyed together as shown inFigs. 3 and l, and the corners filled in solid with concrete, as eachcourse of slabs A is placed in position, the loose junction pieces Bbeing built in at the same time. Each succeeding course of trough shapedmembers C is braced together with horizontal reinforcing ties 0 andfilled with concrete or cement, thereby forming a chimney or otherstructure faced both inside and outside with stone like slabs, withsolid columns of cement extending from bottom to top at every corner orjunction, and with transverse rings or belts of concrete reinforced withhorizontal ties at intervals in the height of the structure.

The junction pieces B may be of a length equal to the depth of one blockA, or of two or more of such'blocks, and may be so laid as to breakjoint therewith. Junction pieces similar to those used for the outsidemay if desired be used also at the interior between the ends of theblocks A, so that the vertical columns of reinforced concrete or cementwill be entirely surrounded by blocks or slabs.

The blocks A forming the courses between one pair of courses of troughshaped members, are preferably smaller than those forming the coursesbetween the previous pair of trough shaped members, to obtain a gradualtaper of the chimney, (see Figs. 2, 3, and 4). Solid blocks in lieu oftwo blocks keyed together may be used with the junction pieces B andconcrete B to form the vertical columns as before described, (as in Fig.8.) Ornamental slabs or blocks may if desired be built into thestructure, and a coping built on to the top. The structure may be builteither tapering or straight as required.

What I claim as my invention and desire to protect by Letters Patentis 1. In a polygonal chimney stack or tower, the combination withsuperposed, horizontal courses formed of blocks, of loose, fiat junctionpieces inserted within the confronting ends of the blocks of eachcourse, the flat junction pieces in each course being disposed directlyabove those in the next lower course, whereby the superimposed junctionpieces unite in forming long narrow, sunken vertical panels in thefinished construction.

2. A polygonal chimney stack or tower composed of superposed, horizontalcourses formed of blocks, loose, flat triangular j unction piecesinserted within the confronting ends of the blocks of each course, thejunction pieces in each course being disposed directly above those inthe next lower course, whereby the superposed junction pieces unite informing long narrow", sunken vertical panels in the finishedconstruction, and a filling of cementitious material disposed betweenthe said confronting ends of the blocks and behind the adjacent flattriangular junction pieces, to back said panels and maintain them inposition.

A polygonal chimney stack or tower composed of superposed, horizontalcourses formed of spaced, inner and outer layers of blocks, loose, fiattriangular junction pieces inserted within the confronting ends of theblocks which form the sides of each course in the spaces between saidlayers, the triangular junction pieces in each course being disposeddirectly above those in the next lower course, whereby the superposedfiat triangular junction pieces unite in forming narrow, sunken verticalpanels in the finished construction, and a filling of cementitiousmaterial disposed in the spaces between the said outer and inner layersof blocks at the confronting ends of the latter and behind the adjacentjunction pieces, to back said panels and maintain them in position.

4. In a polygonal chimney stackor tower composed of superposed,horizontal courses formed of spaced, inner and outer layers of blockshaving their inner faces provided with oppositely located pairs ofspaced, vertical ribs, and key blocks fitted at their ends in the spacesbetween the ribs of opposite pairs, to connect the corresponding blocksof said inner and outer layers,the combination of loose flat junctionpieces inserted within the confrontin ends of the blocks of each coursein the spaces between said layers, the fiat junction pieces in eachcourse being disposed directly above those in the 'neXt lower course,wherebythe superposed junction pieces unite 'in. forming narrow,

sunken vertical struction.

5. In polygonal chimney stack or tower composed of superposed,horizontal courses formed of spaced, inner and outer layers of blockshaving their inner faces provided with oppositely located pairs ofspaced, vertical ribs, and key blocks fitted at their ends in the spacesbetween. the ribs of opposite pairs, to connect the corresponding blocksof said inner and outer layers, the combination of loose, fiattriangular junction pieces inserted within the confronting ends of theblocks of each course in the spaces between said layers, the fiattriangular junction pieces in each course being disposed directly abovethose inthe next lower course, whereby the superposed junction piecesunite in forming narrow, sunken vertical panels in panels in thefinished conthe finished construction, and a filling of In testimonywhereof I have hereunto set celnentitious materlal dlsposed 1n thespaces my hand 1n presence of two subscriblng Witbetween the said outerand'lnner layers of nesses.

blocks at the confronting ends of the latter ARNOLD ENGLAND. and behindthe adjacent junction pieces to \Vitnesses:

back said panels and maintain them penna- GEO. H. OBRIEN,

nently in position. HARRY BARNFATHER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

. Washington, D. G.

